Heater Treater Design Principles
The fundamental principal behind upstream heater treaters is to provide heat to the produced fluid to assist in breaking emulsions combined with sufficient retention time for the oil, water, and gas phases to separate out based on their differences in density. The vessel size is determined by the estimated production volumes and properties of the crude to be treated over the life of the field. There are two types of heater treaters: vertical and horizontal.
Vertical is the most common type of treater due to its low cost, reduced complexity and ability to gravity feed produced liquids to the tanks. Horizontal tends to be more complex and at a higher cost, but a longer āUā style firetube allows for greater heating capacity and treatment rates. Horizontal treaters are more efficient, but typically operate at higher pressures since they lack the vertical height to boost the produced liquids to the tanks.